For the first time in 40 years, Panama’s deep waters failed to rise to the surface
Each dry season, cold deep waters usually well up into the Gulf of Panama, feeding plankton blooms, cooling coral reefs and sustaining small-scale fisheries. In early 2025, research teams realised that this familiar pattern had simply not appeared, hinting at a fragile climate balance shifting in real time. The missing season that nobody expected Oceanographers … Read more